ABSTRACT
Perimenopause or menopausal transition is the period in which a woman's body makes a natural shift from more-or-less regular cycles of ovulation and menstruation towards menopause
Materials and Methods: A retrospective age specific comparative analysis of 45 perimenopausal women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding was done who underwent endometrial sampling during 8 months period from January 2014 to August 2014 at the Akhtar Saeed, Hospital. Endometrial tissue collected by sampling procedures such as dilatation and curettage [D and C], endometrial biopsy and fractional curettage had been sent to the pathology laboratory, Akhtar Saeed Medical college, Lahore for evaluation
Results: The most common clinical presentation was represented by menorrhagia [70%] followed by metrorrhagia [15%], polymenorrhagia [15%]. Evaluation of the endometrium revealed various patterns on histopathology. Secretory endometrium seen in 14 cases [31%] was the most common out of which late secretory endometrium on histopathology was seen in 08 patients [17.7%], early secretory endometrium on histopathology seen in 05 cases [11%], while mid secretory seen in one case. Proliferative endometrium seen in 13 cases [28.8%] was the second most common pathology. Endometrial hyperplasia was seen in 09 [20%] patients who presented with atypical uterine bleeding . Adenocarcinoma seen in 05 cases [11%], inactive endometrium is seen in 03 cases [6.66%]. Hormonal imbalance seen in 01 case [2,22%]
Conclusion: A significant number show underlying organic pathologies thus highlighting the significance of endometrial curetting and biopsy as a diagnostic procedure
ABSTRACT
Depolymerisation of acid-mucopolysaccharides results in the loss of metachormasia of the ground substance followed by visible fibre crumbling, complete dissolution and replacement by lipid droplets and cholesterol. The objective of this study was to assess the distribution of different atherosclerotic lesions in celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteries relation to age and sex. A prospective descriptive observation study was conducted at Mortuary of King Edward Medical University Lahore, and Department of Pathology Allama Iqbal Medical College Lahore. A total of 30 human autopsies were carried out. Celiac, Superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteries were taken out and opened length-wise. One to four areas of tissue were taken from each artery for histological examination. Slides were prepared from each paraffin block. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Special stains were performed on sections to display each component of atherosclerosis. The fibrolipid plaques were seen in 6 cases. The complicated lesions were present in 5 cases. Of these, 4 showed ulceration and 1 showed thrombus formation. The calcified lesions were observed in 5 cases. The morphological changes in media and elastica were present in 4 cases. In superior mesenteric artery fatty streaks were present in 8 cases. The fibrolipid plaques were confirmed in 5 cases. Three cases showed ulceration, 1 case showed intimal vascularisation, haemorrhage, and thrombus formation. The calcified lesions were present in 2 cases. The morphological changes in media and elastica were seen in 4 cases in anterior mesenteric artery. Fatty streaks were present in 8 cases. The fibrolipid plaques were grossly observed in 6 cases. The complicated lesions were present in 4 cases; of these, 3 cases showed ulceration, and 1 showed intimal vascularisation and haemorrhage along with thrombus formation. The calcified lesions were present in 3 cases. The morphological changes in media and elastica were present in 4 cases. This data indicates the incidence of ischemic changes in abdominal viscera due to atherosclerotic narrowing.
ABSTRACT
To assess different morphological categories of atherosclerotic lesions and their incidence in relation to age and sex in our population. Prospective descriptive observational study. This study was conducted at Mortuary of King Edward Medical University Lahore and Department of Pathology Allama Iqbal Medical College Lahore and completed in one and a half year from. A total of 30 human autopsies were carried out at random. The age range was between 8 and 85 years. Right and Left subclavian arteries were taken out from dead bodies. They were opened lengthwise. One to four areas of tissue were taken from each artery in all cases. Section were prepared from paraffin blocks. They were stain with Haematoxylin and Eosin stain. Special stains were also performed to differentiate all the components of atherosclerotic lesions. The fibrolipid plaques were seen in l3 cases in the right subclavian artery and I3 cases in left subclavian artery. The complicated lesions were seen in 8 cases in the right subclavian artery and 9 cases in the left subclavian artery. 6 of these 8 cases showed ulceration in the right subclavian artery and 2 showed intimal vascularization and haemorrhage alongwith thrombus formation. In the left subclavian artery the ulceration was seen in 7 cases and intimal vascularization and haemorrhage in 2 cases along with thrombus formation. The calcified lesions were present in 7 cases in the right subclavian artery and 8 cases in the left subclavian artery. The morphological changes in media and elastics were seen in 7 cases in right subclavian artery and 8 cases in left subclavian artery. In this study different atherosclerotic lesions are categorized and their relation to age and sex is appreciated in our population. This study is although is preliminary but gives basic and useful data about the incidence of ischemic changes in upper limbs due to raised atherosclerotic lesions in subclavian arteries